Mineraalvesi: Potentsiaalsed Eelised Tervisele Ja Kõrvaltoimed

2024 Autor: Cecilia Ryder | [email protected]. Viimati modifitseeritud: 2023-12-17 14:20

Mineraalvett saadakse looduslikest allikatest ja maa-alustest reservuaaridest. See on rikas oluliste toitainete poolest ja väidetavalt omab mõningaid terapeutilisi omadusi.

See sisaldab kaltsiumi, magneesiumi, kaaliumi ja naatriumi (1). Seega väidetakse, et see pakub tervisele mõningaid ootamatuid eeliseid. Mineraalvee joomine võib soodustada luude, seedetrakti ja südame tervist ning alandada vererõhku.

Selles artiklis räägime erinevusest mineraalvee ja kraanivee vahel ning mineraalvee potentsiaalsest kasust tervisele ja kõrvaltoimetest.

Jätka lugemist!

Sisukord

• Mineraalvesi vs. Tavaline vesi
• 6 mineraalvee kasu tervisele
• Kas mineraalvesi sobib teie nahale ja näole?
• Millised on mineraalvee kõrvaltoimed?

Mineraalvesi vs. Tavaline vesi

Mineraalvesi on happelisem kui kraanivesi ja on hapniku maitsega süsihappe olemasolu tõttu. Mõlemad veetüübid sisaldavad mineraale ja neid töödeldakse mingil moel. Praeguste tõendite põhjal pole erinevused eriti olulised. Siin on, mida peate teadma.

I. Mineraalvesi

Mineraalvesi sisaldab selle maitse muutmiseks lisatud mineraale (sõltub allikast) või lahustunud aineid. Inimesed usuvad, et sellel on mineraalainete tõttu mõned meditsiinilised omadused. Vastavalt Toidu- ja Ravimiametile (FDA) peab mineraalvesi sisaldama vähemalt 250 osa miljoni kohta lahustunud tahket ainet (2).

Mineraalid, mida mineraalvees sageli leidub, hõlmavad järgmist:

• Kaltsium
• Kloor
• Fosfor
• Magneesium
• Kaalium
• Naatrium
• Väävel

Eespool on loetletud mõned makrotoitained, mis on olulised keha funktsioonide täitmiseks, näiteks valgusüntees, luu moodustumine, kõhre moodustumine jne (3).

Lisaks mõnedele mikroelementidele on mikroelemendid hädavajalikud mõnede bioloogiliste funktsioonide jaoks, nagu hormoonide süntees, ensüümide tootmine, hammaste lagunemise vältimine jne (3).

• Koobalt
• Raud
• Kroom
• Vask
• Jood
• Fluor

Erinevalt tavalisest kraaniveest villitakse mineraalvett tavaliselt selle tekkekohas plast- või klaaspudelites. Mõned inimesed eelistavad mineraalvett selle terapeutilise väärtuse tõttu. Mineraalvesi võib bakterite või mürgiste ainete eemaldamiseks siiski veidi töödelda (4). Mineraalvee päevane tarbimine on kehavee tasakaalu säilitamiseks hädavajalik (3).

II. Kraanivesi

Kraanivesi puhastatakse klooriga ja tarnitakse majapidamistesse torude ja puhastussüsteemide kaudu.

Enne majapidamistesse jõudmist läbib kraanivesi veepuhastusjaamas keemilise desinfitseerimisprotsessi. Seejärel tarnitakse puhas vesi maa-aluse torustiku kaudu. Mõned kraanivees olevad mineraalid võivad torusid söövitada ja joogivett reostada.

USA-s peab kraanivesi vastama keskkonnakaitseagentuuri (EPA) kehtestatud ohutu joogivee seaduse standarditele (5).

Nüüd, kui teate, mis vahe on mineraalveel ja kraaniveel, kontrollime mineraalvee kasulikkust tervisele!

6 mineraalvee kasu tervisele

1. Magneesiumi allikas

Mineraalvesi on rikkalik magneesiumiallikas, millel on suur roll selliste keha funktsioonide reguleerimisel nagu närvide funktsioon, vere glükoosisisalduse reguleerimine ja vererõhu reguleerimine (6).

Olenevalt allikast võib magneesiumikogus mineraalvees olla erinev. Magneesiumi soovitatavad toidukogused (RDA) on järgmised (6):

• 310-320 mg täiskasvanud naistele
• Rasedatele 350–400 mg
• 310-360 mg imetavatele naistele
• 400–420 mg täiskasvanud meestele

Magneesiumipuudus võib põhjustada selliseid sümptomeid nagu ärevus, ärrituvus, väsimus, lihasnõrkus, värisemine ja vertiigo. Rasketel juhtudel võib see põhjustada ka krampe, kuulmislangust, migreeni, osteoporoosi ja ebaregulaarset südamelööki (7).

2. Võib aidata vererõhku langetada

Mineraalvesi on hea kaltsiumi- ja magneesiumiallikas (1). Seega on see kasulik vererõhuprobleemidega inimestele. Magneesiumi ja kaltsiumi puudus võib soodustada hüpertensiooni (8), (9). Mõlemad mineraalid osalevad aktiivselt inimese aju ja keha elektrolüütilises protsessis. See elektrolüütiline tasakaal on vererõhu ja vereringe säilitamiseks hädavajalik. Samuti aitab see kiirendada hüdratsiooni inimestel (10).

Göteborgi ülikooli (Rootsi) tehtud uuringust selgus, et mineraalvee joomine võib aidata kõrgenenud vererõhuga inimestel vererõhku langetada (11).

70 piiripealse hüpertensiooniga inimesega läbi viidud uuringust selgus ka, et ühe liitri mineraalvee joomine päevas alandas nende vererõhku (11).

Mineraalvee joomise rolli mõistmiseks vererõhu reguleerimisel on vaja veel uuringuid.

3. Edendab luude tervist

Kaltsium on luu arengus kõige olulisem mineraal. Mineraalvees leiduv kaltsium on oluline kaltsiumi tarbimise allikas (12). See tugevdab luid, hambaid ja küüsi.

Saksi balneoloogia ja rehabilitatsioonimeditsiini uurimisinstituudi korraldatud uuringust selgus, et mineraalveest saadud kaltsiumi biosaadavus on võrreldav (ja võib isegi parem olla) kui piimatoodetest (13), (14). Veel ühes menopausijärgses eas naistel läbi viidud uuringus leiti, et regulaarne kaltsiumirikka mineraalvee tarbimine suurendab luude mineraalset tihedust (15).

Lisaks võib magneesiumi homeostaasi kontrollimine aidata säilitada luude terviklikkust (16).

4. Parandab seedetrakti tervist

Mineral water contains magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate that can help improve bowel movement frequency and stool consistency when constipated (17). A study conducted in Japan found that low magnesium intake is associated with constipation (18). Moreover, adequate fluid intake has been shown to improve digestion (19).

5. May Improve Heart Health

A study conducted on postmenopausal women by the Spanish Council for Scientific Research found that sodium bi-carbonate mineral water affects cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism after meals (20).

Another study conducted on postmenopausal women found that the intake of carbonated mineral water intake decreases total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases (21). The magnesium levels in drinking water are also said to be inversely associated with coronary heart disease mortality (22).

However, more long-term studies are required to understand how drinking mineral water promotes heart health.

6. May Regulate Body Fat

Mineral water is an essential fat-free supplement that offers a good amount of fat metabolizing minerals. It helps in fat breakdown, which is essential in burning the layers of fat in the body. Thus, drinking mineral water before meals (1.5 l/day) along with a low-calorie diet can help in weight management (23).

Now that you know all about the health benefits of mineral water, let’s check out how it benefits your skin.

Is Mineral Water Good For Your Skin And Face?

Mineral water may be a fresh source of skin-friendly silica particles. Silica is great for the skin. It triggers the production of collagen in your skin. Increased collagen formation reduces wrinkles, dark spots, and dullness. Furthermore, silica deficiency leads to skin ageing (24). Hence, mineral water may be a good source of skin health.

However, more long-term studies are required to understand this benefit of mineral water.

Though mineral water is generally safe for consumption, it does have a few side effects that you need to keep in mind. Check them out in the next section.

What Are The Side Effects Of Mineral Water?

Mineral water is generally regarded as safe to drink. However, too much consumption of mineral water has some side effects, and very little research has been done in this area.

Many studies focused on bottled mineral water are about the migration of chemicals from plastic bottles to water (25). A study conducted on mice found that microplastics consumed through water can accumulate in the body and cause inflammation (26).

The carbonic acid present in carbonated mineral water can cause bloating (27). Mineral water contains fewer microbes when compared to normal tap water. Thus, it does not undergo the disinfection process (unlike tap water) and contains microbes. It is also sometimes enriched with carbon dioxide (28).

Plastic Toxicity

Microplastics are tiny particles with potential health concerns. Plastic bottles contain bisphenol A (BPA) that are said to interfere with the hormonal function in your body. These particles are also found in seafood products, beverages like beer, and table salt.

Though the microplastics in bottled water do not raise a safety concern, more research is required in this area (29).

Carbonated Water Damages Teeth

Sparkling mineral water can damage the enamel on your teeth. A study conducted by the University of Birmingham found that sparkling mineral water damages tooth enamel more than regular tap water but less than soft drinks (30).

Carbonated water is more acidic than regular tap water. A study conducted in Korea found that carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator reduces enamel hardness (31). But, it has a smaller impact on teeth than drinking soda (32).

Environmental Concerns

Pollution caused by plastic water bottles is a serious threat to the environment. But, scientists have found that treating tap water with domestic reverse osmosis equipment is the most environmentally friendly way to treat water (33). As bottle manufacturing requires more energy and raw material inputs, especially in the case of glass water bottles, regular water treatment is the most favourable option.

Conclusion

Mineraalvesi on definitsiooni järgi rikas mineraalainete poolest ja sellel on väidetavalt mitmeid terapeutilisi omadusi. Kuid selle kasulikkuse tõestamiseks on saadaval piiratud uuringud. Joomist peetakse endiselt ohutuks.

Alates luutiheduse parandamisest kuni seedetrakti edendamiseni on mineraalveel väidetavalt palju kasu tervisele. Kuid see on seotud ka plastilise toksilisusega (pudelites olevate mikroplastide tõttu) ja emaili erosiooniga. Seetõttu kasutage oma äranägemise järgi enne mis tahes tüüpi vee joomist.

33 allikat

Stylecraze'il on ranged hankimisjuhised ja see tugineb eelretsenseeritud uuringutele, akadeemilistele uurimisasutustele ja meditsiiniliitudele. Vältime kolmanda taseme viidete kasutamist. Lisateavet selle kohta, kuidas meie sisu on täpne ja ajakohane, saate lugeda meie toimetuseeskirjadest.

• “FoodData Central Search Results.” FoodData Central, fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/496247/nutrients.

  fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/496247/nutrients

• Commissioner, Office of the. “Bottled Water Everywhere: Keeping It Safe.” U. S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA.

  www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/bottled-water-everywhere-keeping-it-safe.

• Quattrini, Sara et al. “Natural mineral waters: chemical characteristics and health effects.” Clinical cases in mineral and bone metabolism: the official journal of the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism, and Skeletal Diseases vol. 13,3 (2016): 173-180. doi:10.11138/ccmbm/2016.13.3.173

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318167/

• Joseph, Nitin et al. “Bacteriological Assessment of Bottled Drinking Water Available at Major Transit Places in Mangalore City of South India.” Journal of environmental and public health vol. 2018 7472097. 25 Oct. 2018, doi:10.1155/2018/7472097

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6222228/

• “Summary of the Safe Drinking Water Act.” EPA, Environmental Protection Agency, 4 Feb. 2020.

  www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-safe-drinking-water-act.

• “Office of Dietary Supplements – Magnesium.” NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, U. S. Department of Health and Human Services.

  ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/

• DiNicolantonio, James J et al. “Subclinical magnesium deficiency: a principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis.” Open heartvol. 5,1 e000668. 13 Jan. 2018, doi:10.1136/openhrt-2017-000668

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5786912/

• van Mierlo LA, Arends LR, Streppel MT, et al. Blood pressure response to calcium supplementation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;20(8):571–580. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002038

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16673011

• Laurant P, Hayoz D, Brunner HR, Berthelot A. Effect of magnesium deficiency on blood pressure and mechanical properties of rat carotid artery. Hypertension. 1999;33(5):1105–1110. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.5.1105

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10334795

• Naser, Abu Mohd et al. “Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro-Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh.”Journal of the American Heart Association vol. 8,9 (2019): e012007. doi:10.1161/JAHA.119.012007

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6512114/

• Rylander, Ragnar, and Maurice J Arnaud. “Mineral water intake reduces blood pressure among subjects with low urinary magnesium and calcium levels.” BMC public health vol. 4 56. 30 Nov. 2004, doi:10.1186/1471-2458-4-56

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535900/

• Vannucci L, Fossi C, Quattrini S, et al. Calcium Intake in Bone Health: A Focus on Calcium-Rich Mineral Waters. Nutrients. 2018;10(12):1930. Published 2018 Dec 5. doi:10.3390/nu10121930

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30563174

• Bohmer H, Müller H, Resch KL. Calcium supplementation with calcium-rich mineral waters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its bioavailability. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(11):938–943. doi:10.1007/s001980070032

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11193246

• Heaney RP. Absorbability and utility of calcium in mineral waters. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(2):371–374. doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.371

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16895885

• Orchard, Tonya S et al. “Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.” The American journal of clinical nutrition vol. 99,4 (2014): 926-33. doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.067488

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3953885/

• Castiglioni, Sara et al. “Magnesium and osteoporosis: current state of knowledge and future research directions.”Nutrients vol. 5,8 3022-33. 31 Jul. 2013, doi:10.3390/nu5083022

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775240/

• Bothe G, Coh A, Auinger A. Efficacy and safety of a natural mineral water rich in magnesium and sulphate for bowel function: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(2):491–499. doi:10.1007/s00394-015-1094-8

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26582579

• Murakami K, Sasaki S, Okubo H, et al. Association between dietary fiber, water and magnesium intake and functional constipation among young Japanese women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(5):616–622. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602573

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17151587

• Popkin, Barry M et al. “Water, hydration, and health.” Nutrition reviews vol. 68,8 (2010): 439-58. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00304.x

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2908954/

• Schoppen S, Pérez-Granados AM, Carbajal A, et al. Sodium bicarbonated mineral water decreases postprandial lipaemia in postmenopausal women compared to a low mineral water. Br J Nutr. 2005;94(4):582–587. doi:10.1079/bjn20051515

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16197584

• Schoppen S, Pérez-Granados AM, Carbajal A, et al. A sodium-rich carbonated mineral water reduces cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. J Nutr. 2004;134(5):1058–1063. doi:10.1093/jn/134.5.1058

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15113945

• Jiang L, He P, Chen J, et al. Magnesium Levels in Drinking Water and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2016;8(1):5. Published 2016 Jan 2. doi:10.3390/nu8010005

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26729158

• Dennis, Elizabeth A et al. “Water consumption increases weight loss during a hypocaloric diet intervention in middle-aged and older adults.” Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) vol. 18,2 (2010): 300-7. doi:10.1038/oby.2009.235

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859815/

• Jurkić, Lela Munjas et al. “Biological and therapeutic effects of ortho-silicic acid and some ortho-silicic acid-releasing compounds: New perspectives for therapy.” Nutrition & metabolism vol. 10,1 2. 8 Jan. 2013, doi:10.1186/1743-7075-10-2

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546016/

• Chemical migration in drinking water stored in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles: a source of controversy, ReserachGate.

  www.researchgate.net/publication/267802778_Chemical_migration_in_drinking_water_stored_in_polyethylene_terephthalate_PET_bottles_a_source_of_controversy

• Deng Y, Zhang Y, Lemos B, Ren H. Tissue accumulation of microplastics in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks of exposure. Sci Rep. 2017;7:46687. Published 2017 Apr 24. doi:10.1038/srep46687

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28436478

• Cormier RE. Abdominal Gas. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 90. Available from:

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK417/

• De Giglio O, Quaranta A, Lovero G, Caggiano G, Montagna MT. Mineral water or tap water? An endless debate. Ann Ig. 2015;27(1):58–65. doi:10.7416/ai.2015.2023

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25748506

• Welle, Frank, and Roland Franz. “Microplastic in bottled natural mineral water–literature review and considerations on exposure and risk assessment.” Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35.12 (2018): 2482-2492.

  www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2018.1543957?journalCode=tfac20

• Parry J, Shaw L, Arnaud MJ, Smith AJ. Investigation of mineral waters and soft drinks in relation to dental erosion. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28(8):766–772. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00795.x

  pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11556958

• Ryu, Hyo-Kyung et al. “Effect of carbonated water manufactured by a soda carbonator on etched or sealed enamel.” Korean journal of orthodontics vol. 48,1 (2018): 48-56. doi:10.4041/kjod.2018.48.1.48

  www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702778/

• Kim, Sang-Kyeom, et al. “Assessment of the erosive potential of carbonated waters.”Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 39.4 (2015): 273-279.

  synapse.koreamed.org/DOIx.php?id=10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.273&vmode=PUBREADER

• Garfí, Marianna, et al. “Life cycle assessment of drinking water: comparing conventional water treatment, reverse osmosis and mineral water in glass and plastic bottles.”Journal of cleaner production 137 (2016): 997-1003.

  www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616311234