Kõrvenõges: Kasu Tervisele, Kõrvaltoimed Ja Kuidas Neid Teha

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Kõrvenõges: Kasu Tervisele, Kõrvaltoimed Ja Kuidas Neid Teha
Kõrvenõges: Kasu Tervisele, Kõrvaltoimed Ja Kuidas Neid Teha
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Nõgesed (tuntud ka kui kõrvenõgesed) on traditsioonilise taimse meditsiini põhitarbed ja neid kasutatakse peamiselt allergiate, põletike ja viljakuse probleemide raviks. Muistsed egiptlased kasutasid väidetavalt seda üldlevinud rohtu artriidi ja alaseljavalude raviks (1). Ravitavate omaduste tõttu on seda kasutatud juba ammu.

Kõrvenõgesetee joomine võib aidata paljude vaevuste korral. Sellel taimeteel on arvukalt kasu tervisele, näiteks juuste kasvu soodustamine, allergiate ja astma vähendamine, veresuhkru reguleerimise hõlbustamine ja kuseteede tervise parandamine.

Õppime sellest artiklist veidi rohkem kõrvenõgese eeliseid.

Sisukord

  • Mis on kõrvenõges?
  • Mis kasu on nõgestõvest tervisele?
  • Kõrvenõgese toitumisprofiil
  • Kuidas seda tarbida
  • Kuidas valmistada kõrvenõgeseteed
  • Millised on kõrvenõgese kõrvalmõjud?

Mis on kõrvenõges?

Kõrvenõges (Urtica dioica) on iidsetest aegadest alates olnud peamine taimne ravim (2). Sellel on eksootiline biokeemiline profiil. See kasvab kogu maailmas kerge kuni parasvöötmes - eriti kohtades, kus on palju niiskust. Teatud nõgeseliike võib leida sageli metsadest, jõgede või ojade äärest ja teeäärtelt.

Selle teaduslik nimetus Urtica dioica pärineb ladinakeelsest sõnast uro, mis tähendab "põlema", kuna selle lehed võivad kokkupuutel põhjustada ajutist põletustunnet. Need taimed (või umbrohud) on pärit Mehhikost, Itaaliast, Nepaalist, Indiast, Hiinast, Venemaalt, Hollandist, Põhja-Ameerikast ja Aafrika osadest. Teatud nõgeseliikidel, eriti kõrvenõgese lehtedel ja õhust on karvad. Mõned neist kipitavad ka! Seega nimi (1).

Lehed on tihedalt kaetud kipitavate karvadega, mis vabastavad potentsiaalselt valu tekitavaid toksiine (1).

Kui inimese nahk puutub nõgeselehe või varrega kokku, tekivad sellel kiiresti punakad laigud, mis sügelevad ja põlevad. Taime karvad või trihhoomid on loomulikult loodud taime kaitsmiseks putukate eest.

Kuid selle maagilise ürdi tarbimine pärast töötlemist on ohutu. Järgmises osas räägitakse kõrvenõgeselehtede eelistest. Hakka kerima!

Mis kasu on nõgestõvest tervisele?

1. Võib suurendada juuste kasvu ja tugevust

Traditsiooniline meditsiin kasutas juuste kasvu stimuleerimiseks urtika liike. Uuringus uuriti seda kõrvenõgese (Urtica dioica) omadust koos ravimtaimede ekstraktide kombinatsiooniga. See taimne preparaat suurendas inimese naha papillarakkude proliferatsiooni (3).

Kõrvenõgeses sisalduv β-sitosterool käivitab uute veresoonte moodustumise (angiogenees). See soodustab vaskulaarse endoteeli kasvufaktori (VEGF) sünteesi ja toetab uute juuste kasvu (3).

Kõrvenõgese lehed ja juured reguleerivad suguhormoonide ja nende substraatide aktiivsust. Need aitavad kontrollida juuste väljalangemist (alopeetsiat) hormonaalse tasakaaluhäirega meestel ja naistel (4).

2. Võib ravida heinapalavikku, astmat ja allergiaid

Heinapalavikku või allergilist nohu põhjustavad õietolm, tolmulestad, hallitus, seene eosed, prussakad ja suled. Muud põhjused hõlmavad toidutundlikkust, ainevahetushaigusi ja teatud ravimeid. Selle sümptomiteks on aevastamine, ninakinnisus, sügelus, pisaravool (pidev pisaravool), peavalu, suukuivus, unisus, väsimus ja südame rütmihäired (5).

Siin võib appi tulla alternatiivmeditsiin (5), (6). Kõrvenõges (Urtica dioica) sisaldab nikotiinamiidi, sünefriini ja ostooli, millel on tugevad põletikuvastased ja allergiavastased omadused.

Need fütokemikaalid avaldavad antagonistlikku toimet põletikku soodustavate histamiiniretseptorite vastu, blokeerides histamiini tootmist ja vabanemist (5). Samuti häirivad need põletikueelsete rakkude, keemiliste sõnumitoojate ja kontrollgeenide aktiivsust (5).

Tervishoiutöötajad peaksid tavaliste ravimite alternatiivina uurima alternatiivmeditsiini kasutamist ägedate ja krooniliste häirete, nagu astma, hingamisteede allergiad jms raviks (6).

3. Võib aidata hallata eesnäärmeprobleeme

Eesnäärme ülekasv (eesnäärme healoomuline hüperplaasia) suurendab ureetra survet. See keelab kuseteede süsteemi ja põhjustab vananemisega mitmeid kroonilisi häireid (7).

Roti uuringutes näitas kõrvenõges eesnäärmeprobleemide paranemist. Nõgesjuure ekstraktid pärsivad aromataasi - ensüümi, mis muudab testosterooni östrogeeniks. Östrogeen on tihedalt seotud eesnäärmehaigustega (7).

Teised uuringud näitavad nõgesjuure proliferatsioonivastaseid omadusi inimese vähirakkudes. Kõrvenõgese juure 20-protsendiline alkohoolne ekstrakt vähendas seitsmepäevase ravikuuri vältel vähkkasvaja eesnäärme epiteelirakkude kasvu (8).

4. Võib vähendada põletikku

Kõrvenõgeseekstrakt sisaldab põletikuvastast ainet, mis võib põletikuliste liigesehaiguste korral pärssida mitut tsütokiini (9).

Teise uuringu kohaselt näib kõrvenõgeselehe rakendamine artroosi valu leevendavat (10). Kõrvenõges vähendas mitmete põletikuliste hormoonide taset, häirides nende tootmist (11).

Nõgese põletikuvastase raviviisi soovitamiseks on aga vaja teha rohkem uuringuid ja inimeste uuringuid.

5. Võib alandada vererõhku

Kõrvenõgest kasutati traditsiooniliselt kõrge vererõhu raviks (12). Leiti, et nõgesekstraktil on antihüpertensiivne toime.

See võib aidata vererõhku langetada, võimaldades veresoontel lõõgastuda ja vähendades südame kokkutõmbeid. Nende mõjude kinnitamiseks on vaja rohkem inimuuringuid.

6. Võib aidata veresuhkru kontrolli

Nõges on näidanud paljutõotavat mõju vere glükoosisisaldusele. Traditsiooniline meditsiin kasutab suhkruhaiguse raviks nõgeselehti nende hüperglükeemiavastaste omaduste tõttu (13).

Kuid nõgeselehtede ohutuse ja efektiivsuse kindlakstegemiseks veresuhkru taseme kontrollimiseks on vaja rohkem inimesi uurida.

7. Võib jälgida südame ja maksa tervist

2018. aasta rottide uuringus parandas kõrvenõgeseekstrakti 150 mg / kg / päevas manustamine kuu jooksul vere lipiidide profiili. Nõgesekstrakt töötas palju paremini kui tema kaubanduslik sünteetiliste uimastite analoog (14).

Nõgesekstrakt suurendab organismi antioksüdantset mehhanismi, hoides seeläbi ära (ja lõpetades) lipiidide peroksüdatsiooni. Tasakaalustatud lipiidiprofiil ja tervislik maks vähendavad hüperkolesteroleemiast põhjustatud haiguste riski (15).

Hypercholesterolemia is linked to atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. Nettle leaf helps prevent atherosclerosis and hypertension, as per rat studies. It is, hence, a potent hepato- and cardioprotective dietary additive (16).

8. May Help Treat Menstrual Health, PCOS, And Fertility Concerns

Around 10%-15% of women of reproductive age experience oligomenorrhea and 3%-4% of them have amenorrhea.

Oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea are changes in regular menstrual cycles that cause long menstrual cycles and the absence of menstruation, respectively. While hormone replacement therapy is the most common remedy, herbal medicine is proving to be effective in such cases (17).

Herbal extracts of nettle, peppermint, onion, and nigella showed a positive effect on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). They could control menstrual bleeding, ameliorate menstrual irregularities, balance hyperandrogenism, and promote fertility (17).

These herbs possess phytochemicals, including flavonoids, phenols, phytosterols, and terpenoids, that can mimic the natural hormonal function and restrict bleeding. That is why nettle plant parts can enhance follicle maturation, reduce coagulation factors, relax uterine muscles, and facilitate uterine recovery (17), (18).

9. Can Accelerate Wound Healing

Wound healing could get prolonged in the presence of free radicals and several physiological stresses. The delay might affect one or all steps of wound contraction, recovery of epidermal cells (reepithelialization), and restoration of blood supply (neovascularization) (18).

Using plant medicine for healing wounds is an ancient remedy. Several flowering plants like stinging nettle have been lauded for their vulnerary and antioxidant properties.

The nettle leaf has an antihemorrhagic effect because of its flavonoids, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acid content (18).

Using stinging nettle extract on wounds would reduce the bleeding time and promote blood clotting. It also eliminates pathogens, traps the pro-inflammatory free radicals, and reduces the average healing time in rat models (18).

In short, the leaf, root, and other parts of the stinging nettle have powerful antioxidant, vulnerary, antihemorrhagic, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, and anti-diuretic properties.

Shouldn’t there be something in the nettle plant parts that impart(s) these properties?

Absolutely! Learn more about them in the following section.

Nutritional Profile Of Stinging Nettles

The stinging nettle plant contains a load of phytochemicals. The fresh leaves contain β-carotene, violaxanthin, xanthophylls, zeaxanthin, luteoxanthin, and lutein epoxide that impart those mind-blowing benefits to this herb.

Nettle also contains phenolic acids, including carbonic, caffeic, caffeoyl malic, chlorogenic, formic, silicic, citric, fumaric, glyceric, malic, ellagic, oxalic, phosphoric, and succinic acids (19).

Quercetin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, etc. are the flavonoids. Acetylcholine, betaine, choline, lecithin, histamine, scololeptin, rutin, rosinidin, and naringin are a few other phytochemicals present in the nettle leaf, root, and stalk (19).

This medicinal herb scores well in nutrition too. The leaves contain copious amounts of potassium, calcium, folate, vitamins A and K, simple carbohydrates, protein, and essential precursors.

Unit
Energy Energy Protein Total lipid (fat) Ash Carbohydrate, by difference Fiber, total dietary Sugars, total Minerals
Iron, Fe Magnesium, Mg Phosphorus, P Potassium, K Sodium, Na Zinc, Zn Copper, Cu Manganese, Mn Selenium, Se Vitamins
Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin B-6 Folate, total Folate, food Folate, DFE Choline, total Betaine Vitamin A, RAE Carotene, beta Carotene, alpha Vitamin A, IU Lutein + zeaxanthin Vitamin K (phylloquinone)

How To Consume It

Nettle leaves are very versatile and can be brewed as an herbal tea, taken as a supplement, and applied as an ointment.

You can buy dried/freeze-dried leaves, capsules, tinctures, and creams. Stinging nettle ointments are often used to ease osteoarthritis symptoms.

Studies suggest that the following doses are most effective for certain conditions (20):

  • Allergies: 600 mg of freeze-dried leaves per day
  • Enlarged prostate gland: 360 mg of root extract per day

It is available in many stores. The dried leaves and flowers can be steeped to make an herbal tea, while its leaves, roots, and stems can be cooked and added to soups, smoothies, and stews.

Blanched nettles can be a good addition to your salad. Try tossing a few nettle leaves into your salad. If that doesn’t sound appealing, you can brew a cup of fresh tea with nettle.

How To Make Stinging Nettle Tea

What You Need

  • Fresh or dried nettle leaves – 1 loose cup (about 250ml)
  • Water – 1-2 cups
  • Boiling pot or kettle

Let’s Make It

  1. Bring the water to a boil in a kettle or pot.
  2. Add the nettle leaves to the boiling water.
  3. Turn off the heat. Let it steep for about 5-10 minutes.
  4. Strain the contents into the cup(s).
  5. You can add honey or stevia to this tea. However, refrain from adding sugar or sweetener if possible.
  6. Serve hot or warm!

You might find it tasting bitter and woody initially. A few cups or days down, you will come to love its freshness.

Alternatively, blanch the nettle greens in saltwater and use them in salads or pesto. You could also sauté the greens in oil, butter, or other cooking fat. This can be enjoyed with red or white meat and added to salads.

Ingesting nettle greens is a popular and more effective way of obtaining their benefits. But they are wild plants and called ‘stinging’ nettles. Should you be concerned?

Absolutely! Check out the adverse effects of using nettle leaves.

What Are The Side Effects Of Stinging Nettle?

Well, contrary to their wildness, nettles are considered safe. There are very few side effects of having them, but none are lethal or toxic (21).

Hair-like barbs of nettle leaves can harm the skin. These barbs can inject a variety of chemicals, such as (19):

  • Acetylcholine
  • Histamine
  • Serotonin
  • Moroidin
  • Formic acid

These compounds can cause burning and rashes.

Researchers found that nettle roots might cause GI tract disturbances, profuse sweating, and allergies in some individuals. Freshly plucked nettle leaves might cause localized stinging, rash, itching, and tongue edema (21).

But as they act as an emmenagogue, they may possess uterine-stimulant properties. If pregnant women take nettles without medical supervision, they could go into premature labor.

Cooked and dried stinging nettle is safe to consume. However, eating fresh leaves may cause irritation.

Do You Know How The Nettle Stings?

  • The prickly hairs of the nettle have a small tube-like structure. This has a hard-round bulb at the tip and a softer vessel at the base.
  • The bulb ruptures when it encounters skin and exposes a needle-like protrusion.
  • When this tip pierces the skin, it puts pressure on the soft, basal vessel.
  • This releases the irritating substances (viz., acetylcholine and histamine) deep into the skin. This forms the red, angry, itchy, and burning patches on exposed sites.

Conclusion

Stinging nettle may reduce inflammation, aid blood sugar and blood pressure management, and boost hair growth and strength.

The leaves are packed with huge amounts of flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and hormonal precursors. In fact, stinging nettle is considered the only plant that contains choline acetyl-transferase – an acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme.

Expert’s Answers For Readers’ Questions

Does nettle tea help you sleep?

Yes. Nettle tea promotes better sleep without increasing blood sugar levels, which makes sleep deeper.

How much nettle tea should you drink a day?

The maximum recommended use of nettle tea is four cups per day.

Does nettle tea contain silica?

Yes, nettle leaves contain silica (22).

Is stinging nettle good for the kidneys?

Yes. The stinging nettle can therapeutic effects toward urinary tract ailments and kidney stones. The flavonoids, anthocyanins, and saponins present in stinging nettle can help inhibit calcium and oxalate deposition (23).

Does stinging nettle interact with medications?

Yes. Using herbal medicines like nettle leaves with anti-inflammatory drugs is not recommended as they may interact with synthetic drugs. Do not take these leaves when you are on painkillers or similar medications without consulting your doctor.

23 sources

Stylecraze has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

  • Comparison of nutritional properties of Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) flour with wheat and barley flours, Food Science & Nutrition, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4708629/

  • Stinging nettles leaf (Urtica dioica L.): Extraordinary vegetable medicine, Journal of Herbal Medicine.

    www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803312000978

  • Proprietary Herbal Extract Downregulates the Gene Expression of IL-1α in HaCaT Cells: Possible Implications Against Nonscarring Alopecia, Medical Archives, Journal of the Academy of Medical Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126931/

  • Alopecia: Switch to Herbal Medicine, Journal Of Pharmaceutical Research And Opinion.

    citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1010.246&&rep=rep1&&type=pdf

  • Efficacy of Supportive Therapy of Allergic Rhinitis by Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica) root extract: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled, Clinical Trial, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5963652/

  • Complementary and alternative interventions in asthma, allergy, and immunology, Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15330011

  • The histological and histometrical effects of Urtica dioica extract on rat’s prostate hyperplasia, Veterinary Research Forum, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405682/

  • Antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer cells by a stinging nettle root (Urtica dioica) extract, Planta medica, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10705733

  • Effects of the antirheumatic remedy hox alpha–a new stinging nettle leaf extract–on matrix metalloproteinases in human chondrocytes in vitro. Histology and Histopathology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11962753

  • Randomized controlled trial of nettle sting for treatment of base-of-thumb pain, Journal of Royal Society of Medicine, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10911825

  • Plant extracts from stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), an antirheumatic remedy, inhibit the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB, FEBS Letters, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9923611

  • Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive properties of Urtica dioica, Journal of Translational Medicine, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27585814

  • Improved glycemic control in patients with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus taking Urtica dioica leaf extract: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, Clinical Laboratory, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273930

  • Protective effect of Urtica dioica leaf hydro alcoholic extract against experimentally-induced atherosclerosis in rats, Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5987440/

  • Immunohistopathological and Biochemical Study of the Effects of Dead Nettle (Urtica Dioica) Extract on Preventing Liver Lesions Induced by Experimental Aflatoxicosis in Rats, West Indian Medical Journal, The University of The West Indies.

    www.mona.uwi.edu/fms/wimj/article/3024

  • Urtica dioica L. leaf extract modulates blood pressure and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Phytomedicine, United States Department of Agriculture.

    pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/6112850

  • Herbal Medicine for Oligomenorrhea and Amenorrhea: A Systematic Review of Ancient and Conventional Medicine, BioMed Research International, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5878906/

  • Exploring the Urtica dioica Leaves Hemostatic and Wound-Healing Potential, BioMed Research International, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5672119/

  • Phenolic Compounds Analysis of Root, Stalk, and Leaves of Nettle, The Scientific World Journal, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349212/

  • Urtica dioica for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16635963

  • Risks and Benefits of Commonly used Herbal Medicines in México, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2322858/

  • Urtica spp.: Ordinary Plants with Extraordinary Properties, Molecules, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6100552/

  • Dietary Plants for the Prevention and Management of Kidney Stones: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

    www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877626/

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